![]() This mood became more threatening after 1851, when the government withdrew the promise of a constitution, given in 1849 under the pressure of the revolutionary troubles. In home affairs, however, Schwarzenberg’s harsh rule and the formation of an intolerant police apparatus evoked a latent mood of rebellion. In external affairs Schwarzenberg achieved a powerful position for Austria in particular, with the Punctation of Olmütz (November 1850), in which Prussia acknowledged Austria’s predominance in Germany. Together with Schwarzenberg, who had become prime minister and foreign minister in 1848, Franz Joseph set out to set his empire in order. ![]() Neo-absolutism, 1841–59ĭuring the first 10 years of his reign, the era of so-called neo-absolutism, the emperor-aided by such outstanding advisers as Felix, prince zu Schwarzenberg (until 1852), Leo, Graf (count) von Thun und Hohenstein, and Alexander, Freiherr (baron) von Bach-inaugurated a very personal regime by taking a hand both in the formulation of foreign policy and in the strategic decisions of the time. He married her in 1854 and remained deeply attached to her throughout a stormy marriage. A more profound influence, however, was that of his wife, the duchess Elizabeth of Bavaria. Of all his mentors, the old chancellor Klemens, Fürst (prince) von Metternich, probably exerted the most lasting influence on Franz Joseph. Hopes of a revival of monarchist sentiments were raised by his radiant, youthful appearance. When revolution spread to the capitals of the Austrian Empire, Franz Joseph was proclaimed emperor at Olmütz (Olomouc) on December 2, 1848, after the abdication of Ferdinand-the rights of his father, the archduke, to the throne having been passed over. In the spring of 1848 he served with the Austrian forces in Italy, where Lombardy-Venetia, supported by King Charles Albert of Sardinia, had rebelled against Austrian rule. As his uncle Emperor Ferdinand (I) was childless, Franz Joseph was educated as his heir-presumptive.
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